12/31/2023 0 Comments Pnp transistor![]() ![]() The WIKA pressure switch PSD-30 is available either with PNP or NPN switching output. Per un transistor di tipo npn il comportamento sarà identico ma il verso delle correnti sarà invertito, perchè dovuto al movimento degli elettroni e dunque sarà contrario a quello descritto per il pnp. In reality, the P-type material is generally a lot thicker in width compared to the N-type material. In contrast, in North America, the country where the transistor was invented, relay outputs with potential-free contacts for AC 110 V loads are most widely used. What is PNP Transistor The construction of a PNP transistor is done as the name suggests by taking an N-type semiconductor material and sandwiching that in between two P-type semiconductor materials. By implementing it as shown the VAS (Q15)can be an NPN. In my experience, PNP switching outputs are used mainly in Europe, and NPN outputs almost exclusively in Asia. Normally an NPN differential pair input would mean that the output was referred to the positive rail and would need a PNP in the VAS. When a change in signal takes place by reaching a pressure value, the supply voltage (U+) is “switched on”, allowing current to flow from U+ through the load via the transistor and to GND. The load is connected to the switching output with U+ as the reference point. When a change in signal takes place by reaching a pressure value, the supply voltage (U+) is “switched through”, allowing current to flow from U+ through the transistor and through the load to GND. The load is connected to the switching output with GND as the reference point. I hope you all are fine.Recently i am stuck with a problem of connecting the output of an NPN transistor to the input of a PNP. This is why the load must be connected differently to the transistor outputs. The load is connected to the switching output with GND as. The most commonly used transistor configuration is the NPN Transistor. This is why the load must be connected differently to the transistor outputs. The structure of the PNP transistor is completely different from the NPN transistor. ![]() That is: an NPN transistor and a PNP transistor types. PNP transistor is another type of Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT). In principle, both are bipolar transistors in which only the internal arrangement of the pn transitions differs. An NPN ( N egative- P ositive- N egative) configuration and a PNP ( P ositive- N egative- P ositive) configuration. Here is a brief explanation how the two different outputs should be connected. Nel transistor NPN la punta della freccia si sposta verso l’esterno verso la base e nel PNP la freccia si sposta verso l’interno. Manufacturers of electronic pressure switches often offer both PNP and NPN switching outputs. Il simbolo del transistor NPN e PNP è quasi lo stesso, l’unica differenza tra loro è la direzione della freccia che si basa sull’emettitore. ![]()
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12/31/2023 0 Comments Cleanspark atl![]() Taking a look at stock we notice that its last check on. (NASDAQ:CLSK) concluded the trading at $6.62 on Wednesday, July 12 with a rise of 3.12% from its closing price on previous day. (CLSK) Touches $6.62: At This Price, The Risk Is Worth ItĬleanSpark Inc. The site is expected to increase the Company's bitcoin mining compute power (or hashrate). ĬleanSpark's Bitcoin Production Achieves 8 EH/s as $55M Expansion Goes LiveĪmerica's Bitcoin Miner™, today announced that phase two of its mining campus in Washington, Georgia, is live. But spare a thought for the long term holders, who have held the. (NASDAQ:CLSK) share price has gained some 65% in the last three months. It is doubtless a positive to see that the CleanSpark, Inc. ![]() Investors in CleanSpark (NASDAQ:CLSK) have unfortunately lost 78% over the last five years With this expansion complete, CleanSpark has reached the halfway point of its year-end goal of reaching 16 EH/s. ![]() ĬleanSpark Announces Completion Of Georgia Expansion, Surpasses 8 EH/s CleanSpark plans to apply its technologies with a goal of mining bitcoins at the lowest energy prices in the United States. Capacity is expected to increase to over 300 PH/s in mining capacity in early 2021. The Company also owns and operates a fleet of over 3,400 ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) Bitcoin miners producing over 200 PH/s in mining capacity. Through its wholly owned subsidiary ATL Data Centers LLC, CleanSpark owns and operates a data center that provides customers with traditional on-site and cloud-based data center services. Our offerings consist of intelligent energy monitoring and controls, intelligent microgrid design software, middleware communications protocols for the energy industry, energy system engineering, and software consulting services. We have a suite of software solutions that provide end-to-end microgrid energy modeling, energy market communications, and energy management solutions. ![]() CleanSpark, Inc., a Nevada corporation, is in the business of providing advanced software and controls technology solutions to solve modern energy challenges. ![]() 12/31/2023 0 Comments La boom bronco![]() ![]() Sadly this is on the O-Line and will take time to get good as a unit. MG could be a 100-yards per game rusher in this system if it was clicking. Too much mixed-depth on flat feet (whether it’s bad push or defensive power), but backs in this system need to read momentum and make cuts. This line needs to win blocks together and get defenses sideways. Great backs will run for 2k yards, but decent ones can still get half that. Can this trio push the running game enough to make some noise?Īlexander Wall: No. ![]() Hope they work on the three-and-out issue during bye.- MileHighReport October 31, 2022 Outside of those three good drives, the Broncos had 4 total first downs and one of those was the clinching 4th and 1 at the end of the game. Granted we’d probably have a few more wins, but bad calls were not the biggest reason for most of our losses. Even if the bad calls are reversed, we’re still committing way too many. It’s twofold with the refs being inconsistent this year in our games and also Denver being sloppy and deserving of too many. Guys also made plays at critical times when they weren’t before.ĭon’t get me started on penalties. The play calls all looked really similar to me from past games we just executed a little better and had fewer balls bounce the wrong way. MHR - Play calling was less head-scratching in the Jaguars game, but the team still had so many dumb penalties (delay of game on the …punt unit?) Should we be done with these ‘growing pains’ yet? What high hopes do you have for the second half of the season with this team, coaching staff?Īlexander Wall: I don’t know. If I’m the GM I ride this out and do what I can to address other weaknesses whenever there’s a reasonable opportunity. ![]() The potential is there if it can all come together at the same time, as we saw more this week. None of our RB/WR/TEs are alike, and it’s not like guys haven’t been getting open. So you keep the talent and kick the wheels on FA linemen until you can draft some. We need an O-Line too… but when healthy, Russ is a scrambler that can make teams pay for extended plays. Put on your GM hat, what do you think of ALL these moves?Īlexander Wall: When you spend that much on a guy, you want to give him every opportunity to succeed. MHR - Paton also indicated they like the offense and don’t want to lose any WRs (hinting at some confidence in Wilson) so no deals on Jerry Jeudy or KJ Hamler. It’s a bummer, though, because I feel like he was mostly hampered by injury the last few years and was finally coming alive, but it is what it is. If it’s with a guy that had no guarantee to be a Bronco next season, playing at a level we’ve only seen once in four years (as a rook opposite #58), and you get a team silly enough to offer you the same round pick you spent on him (though not equivalent), plus some extra cheese? You take that deal every time. George Paton told the media the deal for Bradley Chubb (first-round pick, a fourth and an RB) was too good to pass up and would have happened regardless of the record. MHR - After the bye, the team that trots out onto the field will have two new faces and will have lost one very familiar one. That was a big takeaway for me from the Manning era. It’s not like it was going to happen instantly then, and it surely isn’t now. I was bemoaning Manning’s slow start too at first but it’s a new environment, new teammates, and a new offense. He can, but he’s got to get more consistent. On the other hand, it’s hard to spend too much on a franchise QB that can still get it done. It was costly, and things haven’t lived up to mainstream expectations, but I personally wasn’t expecting a fast start - even with all the talent and the forgiving first-half schedule. How are you feeling overall about Russell Wilson this season? Given the results so far this season, was he worth the price?Īlexander Wall: Oof. MHR - Russell Wilson looked terrible on the first two series, but he definitely showed great signs of life during those three touchdown drives. And with a defense like this, that’s enough. Frankly, it didn’t look different than most of our other games this season except they finished a few drives with more points than they have been, plus guys came down with critical conversions. What were your thoughts of the team in the London game?Īlexander Wall: It was rough, but they got it done. MHR - FINALLY a win!!! There were three amazing offensive series and six kinda bad ones. “You dream of these things.” talks playing in London, the team's camaraderie & more: /H5hx7opS3Z- Denver Broncos OctoWeek 9: BYE WEEK ![]() 12/31/2023 0 Comments Limbo prime price![]() ![]() ![]() Limbo Systems - The Limbo Theorem Quest RewardĬomponents - 12 Hours Limbo Overview and Best Weapon Options Limbo Chassis - The Limbo Theorem Quest Reward Limbo Neuroptics - The Limbo Theorem Quest Reward Limbo Blueprint Price - 35,000 Credits - Cephalon Simaris for 25,000 Reputation. An Archwing is required to begin the quest's missions. Component blueprints are awarded from “The Limbo Theorem” quest, obtainable by completing the Europa Junction on Jupiter. McGrath also said Amazon tends to repeat deals, especially for its own products, around Black Friday.Įditor's note : Amazon is among NPR's financial supporters.Limbo's Main Blueprint can be purchased from the Market. ![]() Other big seasonal sales are around the corner, and many stores will be offering discounts on big-ticket items. But if you weren't planning to make a big purchase, don't feel pressured to just because something is on sale. This can create a sense of urgency, leading some shoppers to make impulse purchases. Like Amazon Prime, Walmart+ offers a 30-day free trial and then costs $98 a year. Like Prime Day, Walmart's and Target's sales also require membership in their rewards programs - Walmart+ and Target Circle, respectively. "Every retailer under the sun is going to be throwing sales right on top of Prime Day," McGrath said.īig-box stores like Target and Walmart and smaller retailers are offering sales and promotions this week. "You really have to be looking for a lot of these little extra-effort things," she said.Īmazon isn't the only retailer offering sales this week, so comparing prices from other stores can be a way to ensure you're getting a good deal. She was recently looking at a vacuum cleaner that was $100 off, but after visiting the product page she noticed another $100-off coupon for Prime members. If you're looking at an item but the price still seems too high, McGrath recommends at least going to the product page to see whether any coupons are available. This allows you to keep an eye on prices without accidentally buying items too early. McGrath recommends adding your Prime Day items to the "Save for later" section of your cart. Make sure to watch out for lightning deals - special offers that last only for a limited amount of time (and may be more likely to sell out). Watch out for lightning deals and Amazon coupons ![]() Even if it's not quite time for your next grocery run, taking advantage of some Prime Day offers could save you money, she said.ģ. She also pointed out that Amazon offers Prime Day deals on services like Amazon Fresh, its grocery delivery service. "It gets a lot of hype for its tech deals and those big-ticket items, but Amazon also offers some more boring, practical deals on things you need to stock up on, like groceries and pantry staples," McGrath said. It's a good time to stock up on essentialsĪlthough many people use sales such as Prime Day for big purchases like a television, it can be a good time to stock up on smaller essentials. Furniture and kitchen appliances tend to be cheaper around Labor Day, while gaming consoles and toys tend to cost less during the holidays, McGrath said.Ģ. Some items are also cheaper at other times of the year. To make sure you're getting a good price for an item, you can use price comparison websites like Camelcamelcamel to see how an item's price has changed over time. Here are five things to remember before you click "Add to Cart."Įven though Prime Day is a great time to buy a lot of items, some deals may not be as good as they seem, said Kristin McGrath, a shopping expert at RetailMeNot, a website that tracks deals and coupon offerings. If you're planning to shop the Prime Day sales, you may want to do some research to ensure you're getting the best prices. This year, Prime Day is predicted to generate even more revenue than before for the company, according to BofA Securities, Bank of America's investment banking division. Last year, shoppers worldwide bought a whopping 300 million items during the event. The program is extremely critical to Amazon's bottom line it makes up $25 billion of the company's annual revenue, according to the Federal Trade Commission, which is suing Amazon over the program. Membership costs $139 a year or $14.99 per month. The sale prices are available exclusively for Prime members. The retail giant says the sale will offer its lowest prices so far this year, and new deals will drop as often as every 30 minutes during the two-day sale. It's Prime Day: Amazon's annual sale will run Tuesday and Wednesday, offering discounts on everything from hair dryers to paper towels. ![]() 12/31/2023 0 Comments Bryce parker 2021![]() Location: Atlanta, Georgia, USA Image SourceĬollab Crib is an all-Black creator house that started operating out of a mansion in downtown Atlanta in November 2020. They haven't posted on TikTok since October 2020, leading people to conclude the house disbanded. Clubhouse FTB is a "sister house" to Clubhouse Beverly Hills and Clubhouse Europe. ![]() He is joined by founding members Christopher Romero, Sebastian Topete, and Chase Keith, who are all in their late teens. Clubhouse Europe members post dance videos and content about their island lifestyle.Īnother offshoot of the Clubhouse brand, Clubhouse For The Boys is a primarily male TikTok house that was pioneered by Isaak Presley, who aimed to create a content house that was more racially diverse. This house seems to be an offshoot of Clubhouse Next, a popular house that discreetly deleted their TikTok account a while back. The parent company of Clubhouse Beverly Hills expanded beyond North America to form Clubhouse Europe on the island of Malta in the Mediterranean Sea. It seems like the founders are moving on though, as both Daisy and Abby announced they were moving out of the house in August 2020. Its members, who are primarily models and actors/actresses, live in a luxurious seven bedroom mansion in the Beverly Hills. They disbanded in March 2021, a year after the group started making videos together, leaving fans with a farewell message on their shared Instagram account.Īfter parting ways with the most famous of the TikTok houses, former Hype House member Daisy Keech cofounded Clubhouse Beverly Hills with Abby Rao. Their videos were a mix of cosplaying well-known characters, prank-pulling, and dancing. It consisted of six members under the age of 22 who moved into the house at the end of March 2020. ![]() Members include Peyton Jordan, Sydney May, Emily Nicol, and Karin Moskalensky, who post dance videos and content about their life in the house.īyte Squad was the UK's first TikTok house. The Alpha House was launched in August 2020 with the goal of "being the friendly house" according to Adam Cohen, one of the cofounders. Location: Los Angeles, California, USA Image Source This updated and alphabetically ordered TikTok houses masterlist links to each house's TikTok account so you can check on everyone in the neighborhood. But each new TikTok house brings a world of drama into the mix, and now that these houses are located not only in multiple cities, but multiple continents, you're going to need a guide to the madness. ![]() Membership in these houses helped some of the internet's most popular personalities get their start, a list that includes Addison Rae, Charli D'Amelio, Dixie D'Amelio, Noah Beck, Chase Hudson, Daisy Keech, Avani Gregg, Bryce Hall, Griffin Johnson, and Josh Richards.īrands and influencers are seeing how lucrative these content houses can be, and everyone wants in. The idea was co-opted by popular TikTokers and led to the formation of the first two TikTok houses located in Los Angeles, California: the Hype House and Sway House. The idea of a content house is not new – YouTube collaboration houses such as Jake Paul's Team 10 and the Clout House appeared years before. ![]() TikTok houses are literal houses (often mansions) where primarily Gen-Z TikTok influencers live together and create videos for the social media platform. We're proud to present you with the internet's most complete list of TikTok houses. Tracking this strange and growing web of content houses is no small task, but that's where Kapwing's TikTok video editor comes in. Creator founded TikTok houses are popping up every week while others seemingly disappear overnight. Welcome to the 21st century, where TikTok is a career path and having a million followers means you get to move into a mansion with all of your friends. Tracking this web of content houses is no small task, which is why we created the internet's most complete list of TikTok houses. Welcome to the 21st century, where TikTok is a career path and having a million followers means you get to move into a mansion with your friends. ![]() 12/31/2023 0 Comments From dusk til dawn salma hayek![]() ![]() They inadvertently destroy the building as they leave. "I was confused because I thought they were saying that the movie had ‘bombed’, as in failed, and it was all my fault," she added. From Dusk Till Dawn (1996) Starring: Quentin Tarantino, Salma Hayek, George Clooney, Harvey Keitel, and Juliette Lewis. Plot Fugitive bank robber brothers Seth and Richie Gecko hold up a liquor store, killing clerk Pete Bottoms and Texas Ranger Earl McGraw in a shootout. “When the movie came out the critics were saying, ‘Salma Hayek is a bombshell’,” she said. HT ImageĮven though the movie became a cult hit and launched Hayek’s career, the 46-year-old actress, who’s English was not so great at the time, admitted that she initially thought the film had flopped and critics were blaming her for it. In 1996, the actor appeared in the movie From Dusk Till Dawn as a vampire stripper named Santánico Pandemonium. “I didn’t want to be naked in front of a camera and kept on thinking, ‘What will my mother and father think about this?’” she added. Few things sound more intimidating than dancing on stage in a bikini and in front of an entire film crew while holding a snake, but Salma Hayek managed to get through it just fine. “In Desperado, I had great difficulty doing the love scene with Antonio Banderas. Salma Hayek Admits From Dusk Till Dawn Provocative Dance Changed Her Career. ![]() “It was my first chance at an American film and I knew I had to take it,” Contactmusic quoted the Mexican beauty as telling The Sun newspaper. Quentin on the other hand took on the character of Richie Gecko, a robber turned vampire. ![]() In the film, Hayek played the role of a dancer named Santanico Pandemonium. With not-so-subtle aplomb, Rodriguez and Tarantino shift into high gear with a nonstop parade of gore, gunfire, and pointy-fanged mayhem featuring Salma Hayek as a snake-charming dancer whose bite is much worse than her bark. The Mexican American film actress says she cried because she was worried about what her parents would think when they saw her on screen. 11 Tarantino and Salma Most Famous Work Together Is 'Dusk Till Dawn' About two decades ago, Hayek and Tarantino came together to collaborate on the 1996 cult classic Dusk Till Dawn. Impossible to look away from, clad in little more than a giant snake - metal, thy name is woman.Salma Hayek has revealed that she cried before filming nude scenes with Antonio Banderas for her 1992 movie Desperado. Without so much as a word, this monster has everyone in her thrall - and then transforms into a scaly night creature with only blood and human slavery on her mind. Fact-Checked Salma Hayek Improvised Her 'From Dusk Till Dawn' Striptease: 'They Just Threw Me on the Stage' The actor faced a serious fear of snakes to dance with one in the 1996 horror movie. “Salma Hayek’s Satánico Pandemonium is arguably the scariest vampire in Robert Rodriguez’s From Dusk Till Dawn, if only because of how seductive she is. “You know you’re doing the whole vampire thing right if you can walk into a room and shove your foot in a dude’s mouth - and he just sits there (though it helps if that guy is Quentin Taratino),” wrote The Pit’s Chris Krovatin. ![]() Most notable in the film is Salma Hayek portraying Satánico Pandemonium, a terrifying but alluring creature of the night who easily made our list of the most metal vampires of all time. Santanico Pandemonium : Lets see if you taste as good as your brother. Since its release, From Dusk Till Dawn has become a cult classic due to its insane mixture of sex, violence, and vampire horror. In a new interview with British GQ, Hayek revealed that she was given no choreography for the scene, which meant that. From Dusk Till Dawn (1996) Salma Hayek: Santanico Pandemonium Showing all 28 items Jump to: Photos (26) Quotes (2) Photos 3 more photos Quotes Santanico Pandemonium : I'm not gonna drain you completely. She was already a star in Mexico, but the action-horror film premiered just as Hayek was breaking out in the U.S. Salma Hayek did not have a choreographer for her dance, because. In 1996, the actor appeared in the movie From Dusk Till Dawn as a vampire stripper named Santnico Pandemonium. Director Robert Rodriguez never intended it to be in the final cut, but after the studio included the line in a trailer, he felt obligated to include it in the film. Outrageous horror-action outing, courtesy of director Robert Rodriguez ('Desperado') and screenwriter Quentin Tarantino, stars George Clooney and Tarantino as the unbalanced Gecko brothers on a Southwest crime spree, who take a preacher (Harvey Keitel) and his children hostage. More on this as we know it, but suffice it to say, we’re stoked. The humorous line, 'No thanks, I've already had a wife', was improvised by George Clooney. ![]() ![]() ![]() Derivation for maximum height:Īs the body moves upward, so a = -g, the initial vertical velocity V iy =V i sinθ and V fy =0 because the body comes to rest after reaching the highest point. The maximum vertical distance attained by the projectile is called maximum height. In P motion one may wish to determine the height to which the projectile rises, the time of flight and horizontal range. ![]() The angle Φ which this resultant velocity makes with the horizontal can be found from: The magnitude of velocity at any instant is: By using the first equation of motion (V f = V i + at) the vertical component V fy of the velocity at any instant t is given by: The initial vertical component of the velocity is V sinθ in the upward direction. Hence, the horizontal component V x remains constant and at any time t, we have: The horizontal acceleration is ax = 0 because we have neglected air resistance and no other force is acting along with the direction resistance and no other force is acting along this direction whereas vertical acceleration a y = g. Suppose that a projectile is fired in a direction angle θ with the horizontal by velocity V along the horizontal and vertical components of velocity V along the horizontal and vertical directions be V cosθ and V sinθ respectively. In such cases, the motion of a projectile can be studied easily by resolving it into horizontal and vertical components that are independent of each other. A football kicked off by a player a ball thrown by a cricketer and a missile fired from a launching pad, all projected at some angles with the horizontal, are called projectiles. It is not necessary that an object should be thrown with some initial velocity in the horizontal direction. ![]() 12/31/2023 0 Comments General manual meat slicer 208![]() ![]() This motor power is slightly weaker then some of the other machines on this list, but there’s still plenty here to enjoy.Ĭhef’s Choice has prioritized safety with this unit, building a lock that secures the blade when the appliance is not in use. The Chef’s Choice Precision Blade has a 120-watt torque powered motor that powers a 7-inch slicing blade. That is actually not a bad thing because you will be confident of its cleanliness when you spend a lot of time cleaning it.Ĭhef’s Choice Electric Precision Thickness It just means it will take longer than expected. That does not mean it takes several hours though. Perhaps, the only complaint users have about this product is that cleaning it up takes a long time compared to the other products. That is always a good thing because you will be able to proceed to the next task immediately. ![]() Of course, that means you are going to get the task done faster than what you are used to. You will be relieved of how fast it is to use the machine compared to doing it manually. You will end up forgetting about similar products when you invest in this high-quality food slicer.Īs for the speed, it will perform surprisingly well. Yes, it is a product that is worth every penny you pay for it. So if you’re a meat slicing fiend who operates in the small hours, then you might well have found your dream unit.įor the price you will but if for, it stands to have no issues. What I really love about this home meat slicer is how quiet it is. Perfect for meat handlers of all skill levels, and comes at a reasonable price. With frequent cleaning, it will stay hygienic at all times.įinal Verdict: With a strong and reliable motor, and a robust cutting blade, the Chefman Electric Deli have produced one heck of a unit. This means no meat getting into hard-to-reach areas, leading to bacteria buildup. Its main components are removable, and can be put through the dishwasher after each use. The appliance is easy to clean after each use thanks to its quick disassembly. Its on/off feature gives you easy startup control, and gives you peace of mind that once it’s off it is definitely off. The Chefman’s base is built upon non-slip grips to keep it locked right into place. We got a beautiful yield of evenly sliced meat in all the tests we ran on it. The motor powers a 8.6-inch stainless steel serrated blade, that cuts through meat quickly and efficiently. Kicking off our list is a motorised home meat slicer that’s affordable without compromising on slicing performance or ease of use.īehind its excellent performance is its 180-watt AC motor, which stays steady and consistent throughout use. We’ve put each of these to the test in the kitchen, and these 7 units deliver fantastic slicing mechanisms and safety protection for all users. Our chosen home meat slicers are the best out there for speed, safety, and usability. Boasting adjustable cut sizes, this is an easy unit to get to grips with. Sharp blades make quick work of any meat, and can cut to razor thing segments of meat.īudget-friendly and easy to use. A speedy and quiet motor sits behind this affordable but reliable unit. ![]() ![]() ![]() Besides, you can rearrange their order, sync them, and even share them with your coworkers, friends, and family. With the PDFelement app, you can go as far as to combine multiple PDFs so you can have them all in one place. Just run application, add your Word, text, image or Excel files into the list, adjust the settings, and click the Convert button. Plus, it allows you to create your e-signature so that you can sign and secure your documents wherever and whenever you like. This Document to PDF converter copes with this task perfectly. To add on, you can also perform markups to create additional comments and annotations in your digital files. You can easily add or delete images, as well as adjust any font attributes you like. Thanks to how easy it is to use, this app will allow you to edit your PDF as if it were a Word document.īut that is not everything. For the more advanced user, Total Doc Converter can also be run via command line. The app features a familiar, standard interface design that new users will find easy to set-up and navigate. We help millions of happy users to convert Word files to the handy PDF format every day. Total Doc Converter is a useful conversion app that is able to convert documents singularly or in batch. Converting a PDF to a Word document isnt as difficult as it sounds. The app is compatible with every Android device, whether a smartphone or a tablet, and its valuable and creative tools have caused it to gain a lot of popularity over time. Smallpdf is the most popular online PDF software. If you are an Android user, then luckily for you, there is also a PDF Converter for Android. V 1.0 3.8 (322) Security Status Free Download for Windows Softonic review Kristina SchulzUpdated 5 years ago A great software for converting DOC files to PDF It can be extremely frustrating when you have to open a very important file only to find out that you cannot do it on your computer. Wondershare PDF Converter is a tool that allows you to convert PDFs to Word files without using Adobe or similar tools. Download & install the free PDF Converter and start converting to PDF now. ![]() 12/30/2023 0 Comments Freeswitch tls versions![]() ![]() Which in turn effectively makes using TLS SIP in production (where you need to support your customer’s issues with SIP traces) unrealistic. This is a major problem, and effectively makes the HEP feature useless when using TLS. I wasn’t the first person to experience this.įreeswitch has a bug (FS-9657) from October 2016 that means that incoming SIP packets are not delivered to SNGREP via HEP. You are seeing some packets in SNGREP, but they are only the responses that Freeswitch is sending to remoteĪll incoming packets are missing. If you’ve tried up until this point you will have found that A security limitation in Freeswitchīut there is a problem with this. But by only listening on the local loop back interface it should avoid you getting any packets captured twice. This is a bit of a kludge, as really I would prefer to disable its raw packet capture entirely, which is not currently possible. The -d lo part is to instruct sngrep to switch its raw packet capture to the local loopback interface. To start SNGREP and tell it to listen for decrypted packets from from Freeswitch, start it as so: sngrep -L udp:127.0.0.1:9060 -d lo Note: You will need to run this each time you want to start a capture, and when you’re done run: fs_cli -x 'sofia global capture off' Then restart Freeswitch and run: fs_cli -x 'sofia global capture on' In /etc/freeswitch/autoload_configs/ add a local SIP cature destination as follows: HEP and FreeswitchĮnabling HEP in Freeswitch is very simple. This way, the voice server and handset can use any form of encryption they both support, and the decrypted packets can be sent to a local capture agent. To a dedicated capture process after the packets have been decrypted. The basic idea behind HEP is to provide a way for the voice server itself to send the raw SIP packets This is where a protocol called HEP (Homer Encapsulation Protocol) comes to the rescue.Īs the name suggests, it originally came out of the Homer SIP capture project.īut since then has been integrated into many SIP tools, including Freeswitch and SNGREP. You’re using so that it can be intercepted seems to defeat the purpose. However I’ve never managed to get that to work, and besides, limiting the strength of the encryption Tools like SNGREP support this feature using the -keyfile flag. One approach to solve this problem is to restrict the type of encrypted connection that FreeswitchĬan establish (specifically forward secrecy) and then give the private key that your server is using to This renders SIP diagnosis using raw packet captures useless! HEP protocol to the rescue! However encrypted TLS connections are designed to stop exactly this sort of interception, and so these tools are not able to understand the raw packets they capture. These tools work by hooking themselves into the raw network packets that are flowing between your Freeswitch server and the remote user’s handset. Normally when you are diagnosing a SIP issue, one would use a SIP capture tool like SNGREP or Homer. However one aspect that has caused frustration is diagnosing SIP problems when using SIP over an encrypted connection (TLS). I have been using encrypted calls with Freeswitch for a number of years. One industry that hasn’t been so quick to adopt these new secure mentalities are wholesale VoIP providers.īut this is changing and providers like Simwood, Voxbone, DIDLogic and Twilio now offer encrypted voice calls using SIP over TLS with SRTP media. Encrypt all the things! This has been a popular sentiment in the open source community for the last few years.Īnd with the rise of Lets Encrypt this has never been easier and cheaper to do. ![]() |
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